No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 64

No topic - Essay Example Situations would get him down but never got him out because his philosophy of having the power to prepare as inspired by his dreams would keep him in his course. He walks the audience through the reality of life that presents challenges that later translates into life opportunities. Even mere mention of your name would send chills down the challenges. He draws more inspiration from his every day’s responsibilities, and his experiences have shown him what it takes to achieve. Success doesn’t come overnight but is dependent on the attitude that has to be positive all the time. The demands of life call for an iron heart that has to deal with blows and knock-downs without sparing the spirit of quitting. Many people fall but are a matter of what how they deal with the blow when on the ground. They have to crawl until they can walk again. They finally jump and possibly fly. Getting back on one’s feet is one thing but what they do when they get up is what that

Leadership concept woirksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership concept woirksheet - Essay Example Collaborative Teamwork maintains a series of stages. Stage 2 is where competitiveness occurs, in which â€Å"blaming, defensiveness, destructive disagreement, and test confrontations occur – Especially for those vying for dominant positions in the group†. (Montebello & Buzzota, 1993: 59-60) During COCKTAILS on March 26, several team members point out specific executives who they believe lack the ambition and experience to work on the important IPO project. Again, Teri is singled out, perhaps due to animosity over her recent publicized successes. The fact that John, the Board member, does not automatically agree with his team’s recommendations to remove Charles and Teri (though they may not be justified) will cast doubt on John’s ability to think through the IPO project without personal bias, as Teri is John’s niece. Trust is then diminished regarding John’s decision-making capabilities, likely affecting future team performance. Angela Thomas’ resignation is due to conflicting personal values in relation to senior leaderships’ viewpoint of what constitutes corporate social responsibility, pertaining to the IPO and the appeasement of Wall Street Investors. Angela’s values as a committed researcher conflict with those making the decision to improve the firm’s public image, as she believes it conflicts with the ability to produce higher levels of research and productivity. Hence, the organization may suffer from the loss of her experience and talent. In this situation, failure to communicate the importance of the IPO initiatives, early on, is the likely catalyst for this resignation, suggesting a knowledge management failure on behalf of senior level leadership. â€Å"A socially responsible leader often needs to go against conventional wisdom and push the consciousness of others to consider new and challenging ideas,

The principles of lean and agile Manufacturing

The principles of lean and agile Manufacturing All related literatures are reviewed in this chapter. Lean concept focuses on eliminate waste, while agile concept focuses on flexibility in supply chain. The theories that cite the topic of reducing cycle time in, which related to the lean concept. Detailed topics included in this chapter are 1. Principles of Lean Manufacturing 2. Product cycle time improvement 3. Principles of Agile Manufacturing 2.1 Principles of Lean Manufacturing Eiji Toyoda and Taiichi Ohno at the Toyota Motor Company in Japan had found the Lean production concept after World War II. Toyota Production System (TPS) is the original moving assembly line developed by Toyota Motor that make material flow continuously (Shingo, 1981; Monden, 1983; Ohno, 1988; Jones, Roos, and Womack, 1991). Henry Ford (1926) had been using parts of Lean as early as the 1920s, as prove as by the following quote: One of the most noteworthy accomplishments in keeping the price of Ford products low is the gradual shortening of the production cycle. The longer an article is in the process of manufacture and the more it is moved about, the greater is its ultimate cost In the past, the traditional business in the manufacturing industry Lean is a philosophy that is a method of inventory management and production control (Diana Coggin, 2003). Lean Manufacturing principle seeks to remove non-value-added activities from the production process. The Lean Manufacturing technology focuses on the production, quality, customer service, and profitability. It investigates the total operations system. The core of Lean Manufacturing is that can synergistic work to create a streamline, high quality system and produce the product meet the customer requirement with no waste. (Shan and Ward, 2003). Lean is a methodology that used to increase speed and reduce the cost of any process by eliminating waste. The main concept of Lean Manufacturing is that can be work together to create a streamline, high quality system and produce the product meet the customer demand with no waste (Shah and Ward, 2003). The companies can produce, develop and distribute products with half or less of the human effort, tools, time, space and overall expense by eliminating unnecessary steps, recombining labor into cross-functional teams dedicated to that activity, planning all steps in an activity in a continuous flow, and continuous attempt to improvement. They can also become more flexible and responsive to customer demands (Harvard Business School Press, 2000). The benefits of lean manufacturing is greater productivity, lower cost, shorter delivery times, improved quality and increased customer satisfaction. The objective of lean manufacturing is to deliver orders on time with shortest lead time with minimum inventory and with fewer resources. 2.1.1 Characteristics of a Leans process The principle of lean manufacturing is to eliminate waste in all the processes, there are seven types of waste: overproduction, inefficient transportation, general delays, inefficient internal materials handling, processing, inventory, defects. Lean principles can be used to improve productivity driven by workers, based on their knowledge of the work and equipment, with the goal of increasing value added work (Holly and Gaskins, 2004) The characteristics of Lean process assist to flow of process run as continuously as possible with a rapid cycle time. The precise description of each work station activity specifying cycle time, take-time, the work sequence of specific tasks, and the minimum inventory of parts on hand needed to conduct the activity (Stenzel, 2007). The characteristics of lean processes are: Make to order Single-piece production Just-In-Time materials/pull scheduling Short cycle times Quick changeover Continuous flow work cells Compressed space Multi-skilled employees High first-pass yields with major reductions in defects 2.2 Product cycle time improvement Lean manufacturing is an operational strategy oriented toward achieving the shortest possible cycle time by eliminating waste. Cycle time reduction is identifying and implementing more efficient ways to do things. Reducing cycle time requires eliminating or reducing non-value-added activities. The technique often decreases the time between a customer order and shipment, and it is designed to radically improve profitability, customer satisfaction, throughput time, and employee morale. ( Michael and Kentaro, 1998) Cycle time reduction is an important access in the tool chest of performance improvement methods. Cycle time reduction focuses on the opportunity to the time to complete the many process in the company. Cycle time is identifiable for a business process or the company, specific activity. Total cycle time is the sum of the cycle time of all activities in all the process of the company. It is important to understand the four components of the activities cycle time. Components of cycle time: wait, move, delay, process. Wait is the time an item that waiting to be moved to the next activity. Move time is the time during which the item moved from the last activity to the next. Delay or set up time is the time from when the item is ready to be processed at the next operation, until the work actually starts. Process Time is the time it takes to complete the work once it has begun. The component of the cycle time decision elements: a. Processing time: timing that the thing is being worked on by an operation. To studying this matter seriously by using tool; a stopwatch from camera following unit being processed by one operator all the way through the process (or sub-process). Processing Time = Manual Work + Walking + Waiting b. Waiting time: timing between sub-process that the thing gets shuffled around or sits around waiting for someone to work on it. As well as knowing Waiting Transportation Time or Inventory/Transpiration Time. In this case have effect from waiting time in each work station and wait time of part of car model. c. Change overtime; the amount of time takes to change over the making or program from the end to previous step to the current step. If you have to takes always will effect with total cycle time. d. Since a batch size of one has been unpracticed the goal is in improve productivity periodically. The ultimately reduces inventory carry costs, work in progress, and cycle time. Also this enabling the company operates profitably at lower margins. 2.3 Principles of Agile Manufacturing The Agile Manufacturing was presented in the first time at the publication in the USA of a report entitled 21st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy (Barutcu, 2007). So, it has been introduced as a method of increasing competitive advantage in response to increasingly competitive global markets. Agile concept focuses on the fast response to changeable of customer demand (Mason-Jones, Naylor, Towill, 2000). The key component in agile manufacturing is flexibility (Nagel and Dove, 1991; Goldman, Nagel, Preiss, 1995). The agile manufacturing methods can be adjusted and consolidated into companies of any size to ensure the growth and success. The changeable of customer and technological requirements that make the manufacturers develop agile supply chain capabilities in order to be competitive (Barutcu, 2007). So, many companies use the flexibility and agility to respond the customers requirement and markets demand in real time (Mason-Jones et al., 2000; Yusuf et al., 2004). The new concept of agility manufacturing need to secure competitive advantage from the production process that can be both efficient and responsive (Davis, 1987; Pine, 1993). Agility can be defined as the ability of an organization to succeed in a constantly changing, and unpredictable business environment (Iaccoca Institute, 1991). The agility has four basic principles that to improve customer interaction by providing added value in order to satisfy customers needs (Nagel, 1993). The lead time to satisfy customer demands is important for both lean and agile. High product quality levels are also important for both lean and agile (Childerhouse Towill, 2000). In the case of lean, minimal lead times are required because time is waste and should be removed if possible. In the other hand, in the case of agile, minimal lead times are required to be able to respond volatile customer demand as quickly as possible (Towill, 1996). So, the concept of lean can be used to eliminate waste, when demand is smooth by planning to maximize profit by the way of reducing the physical cost (Womack Jones, 1996). And the concept of agile, the main point is the extreme of volatile market demand (Christopher, 2000). The lean concept try to offer the good quality products at lower price by removing inventory and waste from the process, in the other hand, agile concept try to serve as quickly as possible to the customer requirements and specifications (Maskell, 2001). Naylor et al., (1999) stated that both lean and agile paradigms in relation to supply chain strategies: Agility means using market knowledge and a virtual corporation to exploit profitable opportunities in a volatile marketplace. Leanness means developing a value stream to eliminate all waste, including time, and to enable a level schedule. To understand the evolution of these paradigms, a brief history of industrial production processes need to be described. There have been three major phases or paradigm shifts of industrial production in the modern world (Smith, 1992; Womack et al., 1991). These phases are as follows: 1. Craft production. This phase is in which craftsmen contracted and completed individual projects on a job-by-job basis. Customer requests were typically for unique products, which varied to some extent from a previously manufactured item. 2. Mass production. This phase is largely associated with the coming of age of Henry Fords mass production assembly line this was the time in which cookie-cutter products were rolled off the end of the line at breakneck speeds. Product variety was minimal at the beginning of this phase and increased somewhat as time progressed. 3. Lean/JIT production. This is a phase which only recently has been recognized as a viable production alternative. Lean/Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing attempts to use the advantages of mass production in concert with the principles of JIT and elimination of waste in order to minimize the total cost of producing a product. All related literatures are reviewed in this chapter. The researcher has discussed relevant concepts in the production process in make-to-order manufacturing. Lean focuses on eliminate waste whereas agile focuses on flexibility in supply chain.

Age Of Discovery Essay -- essays research papers

What were the Effects of the Age of Discovery?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Age of Exploration was a time of struggle and wealth for many European countries. The pursuit of a trade route to the Far East led many countries across the ocean, looking for the great spice cities that were rumored by Marco Polo. These countries knew that whoever found the shortest or best route would become rich, very quickly. Explorers from many European countries embarked on journeys that not even they had any clue where they were going. This search for the Far East led to many discoveries that would otherwise have never been found.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Christopher Columbus may have been one of the most influential people ever to live. His pursuit of the spice trade routes led him to a completely new continent. While he first thought it was Asia, later explorers found it to be a new continent. It was very likely that someone other than Columbus would have eventually found the New World, but he was the first, which makes him the most important.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The New World proved to be a blockbuster as far as the other “finds'; during this time period. The impact, both directly and indirectly on the lives of the Europeans was tremendous. It promoted wealth and it led to a desire for more explorers. The competition of the countries was amazing. There was always a race to see who would start the first colony, who would explore the continent, and of course wh...

Review of Related Literatures and Studies Essay

The proponents reviewed several related studies and literature. This was done to clarify different ideas from other studies and literature. Relevant ideas of some students who developed some software were also reviewed. Related Literature The proponents understand that the program to be made without intellectual development could crash and might not be attracted to the uses and beneficiaries. The communication between the target user and the programmer should be clear, and sharp. According to George Gerard G. Mendoza (2005), two reasons why people use computers regardless of their profession. First, they are fast. Second, they are accurate. To improve the current grading system, manual and duplicative tasks need to be computerized. Computerization of tasks will also pave the way for the unification of the grading system with the enrollment system and student information system. Josefina Estolas in the book Fundamentals of Research (1995). A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of data. That is the system hides certain details of how the data are stored and maintained as stated by Abraham Silberschatz, Database System Concepts (1999). A database is an organized collection of facts and information. An organizations database can contain facts and information on customers, employees, inventory, competitors, sales information and much more. Most Managers and executive believe a database is one of the most valuable and important parts of a computer-based Related Literature Foreign Study According to Ms. Barbara Riggs and Mr. Jacob I. Lee (1994) of the University of Maryland as they perceived from their study as regards with the old grading system of their university and the problems encountered. It is a daunting task to process 130,000 grades in a timely — let alone painless — manner every semester. Add to this the collection of Early Warning grades and there is a tremendous amount of work for both†©our administrative staff and the faculty. Therefore, it was no surprise when several faculties voiced concern over the traditional time-consuming grade collection process. Our established method of grade collection was similar to other universities during the mid 80’s. Scannable grade sheets were produced for each course section and distributed to the faculty. Over 8,000 grade sheets were created every semester and then hand carried to academic departments by R & R support staff. The departments were then responsible for delivering grade sheets to the appropriate instructor. After all this routing, it was not unusual for a faculty member to request a new grade sheet because the original had been lost or damaged. Once the grade sheet made it to the faculty member’s hands, they were required to write the grade and then fill in the corresponding bubble with a #2 pencil on the scanning form. If mistakes were made the faculty member had to be sure to erase the incorrect mark completely. Erasures often led to scanner misreads and recording of incorrect grades. Faculty were also required to return all grade sheets to the Records & Registrations office within 48 hours of their final exam. Grade sheets were not permitted to be returned by mail because they could not be folded, but, more importantly, because mailing created security issues. Obviously, the scale of organization and centralization of grade sheet distribution and collection was enormous. Because of security concerns, controls had to be foolproof. Grade correction was very tedious and time-consuming. So, as technological capabilities and services were successfully developed for students, both faculty and administrators saw the potential to automate the existing grade collection process.

Texting While Driving

Stop Texting While Driving Introduction I. Attention Getter- audience participation/ survey a. How many of own a cell phone with texting privileges? b. Now how many of you have ever texted while driving? II. Thesis Statement- Did you know that texting while driving can be more dangerous than driving while drunk? III. Credibility- I found these statistics along with other information on drivinglaws. org and various other sites. IV. Preview- Today I will be discussing statistics, a few laws in different states, and a story in hopes that I will be able to persuade you to ignore texting while driving.Body I. So as I said, texting while driving is more dangerous than drinking while driving. a. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute conducted tests using drivers texting, drivers under the influence of alcohol, and drivers under the influence of marijuana. It has been proven that texting is more dangerous than being under the influence. In fact, a distracted driver is more likely to cause a n accident 2. 8 times as much as a non- distracted driver. The statistics from the study show that drivers, between the age of 17 and 24, reduce their reaction time by 35% while texting.As a driver under the influence of marijuana, reduces their reaction time by 21% and drivers while intoxicated, only 12%. b. Every day in 2008, 800,000 are using cellular devices while driving. Also, every year, 21% of fatal car crashes involve teens results from the distraction of a cell phone. Back in 2002, Harvard Center for Risk Analysis calculated that 2,600 people die each year because of the distraction of cell phones, and another 330,000 are injured. This estimate is expected to increase 4% each year. These deaths and injuries can be avoided if people would put down their cell phones when they get behind a wheel of a car.No text message is worth risking your life. II. Now, 19 states, the District of Columbia, and Guam ban any cell phone usage while driving. One of these states includes Arkans as which is where I lived before coming to college. The governor of Arkansas has passed several bills banning any cell phone usage while driving a motor vehicle. This includes the House Bill 1013 which went into effect back in October. It bans any driver of a motor vehicle to engage in text messaging. A few other states that ban the use of a cell phone while driving are Illinois, California, New York, and Indiana has a ban on any one under the age of 18.III. A lot of young drivers have so much confidence in their driving and texting skills that they think that nothing could ever happen to them. Some of you may even think that you’re a good enough driver that you can text and avoid an accident. I don’t know how well any of you can drive, but I do know you risk your life every time you pull out your cell while driving on the road. I found this video that is too long and too graphic for this speech but I encourage you to go on youtube after this class and watch this video .Just go to Youtube and type in UK texting accident and it will be the first link that pops up. Please watch this video and you will understand why I am stressing this topic. Conclusion I just discussed with you the statistics of driving while driving, states with laws prohibiting the use of cell phones while driving, a video link to visit, and a story from my high school town. I hope you will consider the information I just shared and I strongly urge you to visit the video link, UK texting accident. All I want you to remember after this speech is that no text message is worth risking your life. Texting While Driving When the cell phone was first invented it was made as a personal safety device especially if a person lived alone or some distance from family members. Many of us may line in regions of the country where sudden tornado or hurricanes could occur without warning. Then there are other events such as fires, flooding, and blizzards that may require a quick evacuation or move to a shelter. A cell phone is important to either get help to let others know a person’s location and level of safety. In today’s society cell phone are being used for texting and talking while driving. The state of Alabama is ranked 3rd in nation for texting while driving (State ranks 3rd for texting while driving). There are only six’s states that have passed laws against driving while using a cell phone California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Washington and Virginia (Cell Phone and Texting Laws) . Driving while using a cell phone is precarious because it cause accident, injuries, and deaths between the age 16 and 17. I’d be lying if I said I never text while driving. I recognize the dangers, and try to do it as little as possible. However, there are still incidents that occur. One day, I was driving down highway 14, passing Wal-Mart, and received a text from my mother asking what time football practice was. I went to reply and took my attention away from driving. This immediately endangered myself, and anyone else in the car, with me. Due to my irresponsible action I also endanger driving that surround me while texting. I have no ability to respond to events as they occur around me on the road. Even if I may be able to text while driving and maintain control and crashing if someone around was to do something dumb, my ability to react safety is severely diminished. According to (Push to stop Texting While Driving) 45 percent of drivers between the ages 16 and 17 texting while driving and it is a problem that is growing. In 2007 nearly 1,000 crashes involved 16-17 year old drivers’ (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics). For every 6 seconds of drive, a driver sending or receiving a text message. A trucker reaching for his or her phone or other device is 6. 7 times more likely to experience a truck accident. Amongst adult ant teenager drivers the use of cell phone has become very popular. Majority of teen drivers are influence by parents’ bad habits. They watch their parent bad habits driving with one hand while using their cellular phone. Parents need to be diligent in both telling and showing teenage drivers the safest way to drive while using a cellular phone. One good habit is pull over before making a call. According to (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics) 52 percent of 16 and 17 year old teen drivers answer cell phone on the road. Talking on a cell phone causes nearly 25 percent of accidents in 2008. Almost 6,000 people were killed and a half million was injured in crashes related to drivers who talk on their phones. Talking on a cell phone while driving can make a young driver reaction time slower than 70 year old. There were 1. 4 million crashes caused by cell phone conversation. And the reason why this is so dangerous because 48 percent of young American from 12-17 say they have been in a car while the driver was texting or talking while driving. The reason for all that is younger people fell a need to be constant contact with other. They put these things before the safety of other on the road. That is why driving using a cell phone is dangerous. Texting While Driving Cause/Effect Essay November 23, 2011 What effect has â€Å"Text Messaging† put on our lives? The term Text Message is defined as a noun, it is an electronic message sent over a cellular network from one cell phone to another by typing words, often in shortened form as â€Å"l8t† for â€Å"late† on the phones numeric or QWERTY keypad. (Dictionary. Com) Over the years text messaging to me has been taken out of content and has been used for things you would not imagine. The younger generations as well as the old are now using text messaging a lot and a lot of people know that it is an addicting activity. Text messaging is being used for many different things in today’s society, some things good and something’s bad. For example we use text messaging at our church in our choir to let the choir members know which colors to wear each Sunday. I honestly believe that text messaging has caused a lot of people to stop spelling out words. Text messaging in my opinion was designed to be a shorter and faster way of communication but in today’s society some people have put down the cell phone but have not started back writing there whole words. I say that to say text messaging also has an affect on peoples English in today’s society. By having an effect on peoples English that causes problems with the kids in school, because it is no secret that by fourth grade if not lower a lot of kids have cell phones and they have learned the activity of text messaging. As I stated before text messaging is a faster shorter way of communication which cause’s you to sometimes break down your words or spell them in ways that are shorter, with kids doing that sometimes it can get hooked to them and when there doing there school work they can misspell a lot of there words because in their head there still texting. This can cause kids to fail there classes due to simple mistakes from texting. This can be prevented though if parents control there kids texting and put a limit on it because if not texting can go a far way such as the term sexting, sexting is sending sexually explicit messages via cell phone or instant messenger. (About. com) you may say what does that have to do with the topic, I believe it has a lot to do with the topic because when you’re talking about texting that’s a big category. The young people in today’s society have taken texting to another level because there growing up and there body is going through different things and their emotions are raging. The best way I believe parents can talk to their kids about texting is to come to them in a way where your not judging them but also letting them know the consequences it could cause and give them time to talk also while you just listen. Sexting is one of the many ways texting can affect our life. Text messaging has become so convenient that people are now texting and driving at the same time which can be very dangerous. This has caused a lot of wrecks and police are really cracking down on this activity. Texting while driving laws have been put in place in some states studies show that Texting while driving laws prohibit the use of electronic devices to write, send or read messages while driving. I have known people to get tickets for texting and driving and have had to pay large fines. In this world today people drive so reckless and careless that your eyes should be on the road at all times when you’re driving. Texting while driving could cause your life or another driver’s life. In my closing I would like to say that I hope something has been said to show you how texting has a huge impact on our lives. Texting While Driving When the cell phone was first invented it was made as a personal safety device especially if a person lived alone or some distance from family members. Many of us may line in regions of the country where sudden tornado or hurricanes could occur without warning. Then there are other events such as fires, flooding, and blizzards that may require a quick evacuation or move to a shelter. A cell phone is important to either get help to let others know a person’s location and level of safety. In today’s society cell phone are being used for texting and talking while driving. The state of Alabama is ranked 3rd in nation for texting while driving (State ranks 3rd for texting while driving). There are only six’s states that have passed laws against driving while using a cell phone California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Washington and Virginia (Cell Phone and Texting Laws) . Driving while using a cell phone is precarious because it cause accident, injuries, and deaths between the age 16 and 17. I’d be lying if I said I never text while driving. I recognize the dangers, and try to do it as little as possible. However, there are still incidents that occur. One day, I was driving down highway 14, passing Wal-Mart, and received a text from my mother asking what time football practice was. I went to reply and took my attention away from driving. This immediately endangered myself, and anyone else in the car, with me. Due to my irresponsible action I also endanger driving that surround me while texting. I have no ability to respond to events as they occur around me on the road. Even if I may be able to text while driving and maintain control and crashing if someone around was to do something dumb, my ability to react safety is severely diminished. According to (Push to stop Texting While Driving) 45 percent of drivers between the ages 16 and 17 texting while driving and it is a problem that is growing. In 2007 nearly 1,000 crashes involved 16-17 year old drivers’ (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics). For every 6 seconds of drive, a driver sending or receiving a text message. A trucker reaching for his or her phone or other device is 6. 7 times more likely to experience a truck accident. Amongst adult ant teenager drivers the use of cell phone has become very popular. Majority of teen drivers are influence by parents’ bad habits. They watch their parent bad habits driving with one hand while using their cellular phone. Parents need to be diligent in both telling and showing teenage drivers the safest way to drive while using a cellular phone. One good habit is pull over before making a call. According to (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics) 52 percent of 16 and 17 year old teen drivers answer cell phone on the road. Talking on a cell phone causes nearly 25 percent of accidents in 2008. Almost 6,000 people were killed and a half million was injured in crashes related to drivers who talk on their phones. Talking on a cell phone while driving can make a young driver reaction time slower than 70 year old. There were 1. 4 million crashes caused by cell phone conversation. And the reason why this is so dangerous because 48 percent of young American from 12-17 say they have been in a car while the driver was texting or talking while driving. The reason for all that is younger people fell a need to be constant contact with other. They put these things before the safety of other on the road. That is why driving using a cell phone is dangerous. Texting While Driving When the cell phone was first invented it was made as a personal safety device especially if a person lived alone or some distance from family members. Many of us may line in regions of the country where sudden tornado or hurricanes could occur without warning. Then there are other events such as fires, flooding, and blizzards that may require a quick evacuation or move to a shelter. A cell phone is important to either get help to let others know a person’s location and level of safety. In today’s society cell phone are being used for texting and talking while driving. The state of Alabama is ranked 3rd in nation for texting while driving (State ranks 3rd for texting while driving). There are only six’s states that have passed laws against driving while using a cell phone California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Washington and Virginia (Cell Phone and Texting Laws) . Driving while using a cell phone is precarious because it cause accident, injuries, and deaths between the age 16 and 17. I’d be lying if I said I never text while driving. I recognize the dangers, and try to do it as little as possible. However, there are still incidents that occur. One day, I was driving down highway 14, passing Wal-Mart, and received a text from my mother asking what time football practice was. I went to reply and took my attention away from driving. This immediately endangered myself, and anyone else in the car, with me. Due to my irresponsible action I also endanger driving that surround me while texting. I have no ability to respond to events as they occur around me on the road. Even if I may be able to text while driving and maintain control and crashing if someone around was to do something dumb, my ability to react safety is severely diminished. According to (Push to stop Texting While Driving) 45 percent of drivers between the ages 16 and 17 texting while driving and it is a problem that is growing. In 2007 nearly 1,000 crashes involved 16-17 year old drivers’ (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics). For every 6 seconds of drive, a driver sending or receiving a text message. A trucker reaching for his or her phone or other device is 6. 7 times more likely to experience a truck accident. Amongst adult ant teenager drivers the use of cell phone has become very popular. Majority of teen drivers are influence by parents’ bad habits. They watch their parent bad habits driving with one hand while using their cellular phone. Parents need to be diligent in both telling and showing teenage drivers the safest way to drive while using a cellular phone. One good habit is pull over before making a call. According to (Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics) 52 percent of 16 and 17 year old teen drivers answer cell phone on the road. Talking on a cell phone causes nearly 25 percent of accidents in 2008. Almost 6,000 people were killed and a half million was injured in crashes related to drivers who talk on their phones. Talking on a cell phone while driving can make a young driver reaction time slower than 70 year old. There were 1. 4 million crashes caused by cell phone conversation. And the reason why this is so dangerous because 48 percent of young American from 12-17 say they have been in a car while the driver was texting or talking while driving. The reason for all that is younger people fell a need to be constant contact with other. They put these things before the safety of other on the road. That is why driving using a cell phone is dangerous.

20 Definition Essay Topics on Material Culture

20 Definition Essay Topics on Material Culture Writing a definition essay is challenging only if you think it is. The truth is that with the information we have provided in 10 facts on material culture for a definition essay, you have plenty of topics to write on. However, if you are in a hurry to write the essay and want to pick out a topic right away, we understand perfectly and this is exactly why we are presenting you with 20 topics which you can use to kick-start your essay. Here are 20 topics on Material Culture which you can choose from: The Beginning of Material Culture and Its Progression History of Collecting Habits Culture and Ethnographic Work Role of Material Culture in Portrayal of Systematic Evolution of Society What is The â€Å"Golden Age† of Museums Early Establishment and School of Thought of Material Culture Connection Between Anthropology and Material Culture The First Material Culture Studies Creating Hierarchy and Scrutinizing Cultural Signature of Non-Western Cultures What Happened During the Museum Age? Franz Boas and His Role in Reordering Material Culture What is the Life-Group Arrangement? Pitt Rivers’ Museums and His Contributions to Material Culture How Can All Mankind Be Tracked Back to a Single Origin? Material Culture During 60’s and 70’s Development of Material Culture Through the Years Interdisciplinary and Cross-Disciplinary Focus of Material Culture A Detailed Look at Interdisciplinary Studies How Do Objects Portray Culture and Society? Studying Material Culture in Detail Role of Georg Simmel in Material Culture The topics given in this list will be enough when you want to write a stellar essay. For best grades, combine two or more topics and make sure you are really paying attention to the essay when writing. If you are not sure about the right pattern and style of writing, you can consult our guide on how to write a definition essay on material culture to compose a picture perfect essay. For further assistance on your definition paper, here is a sample essay which you can consult when you begin writing your own version. Sample Definition Essay: The Beginning of Material Culture and Its Progression Material culture is a study which grew along with anthropology. It explains the relationship between people and objects. Scientists who study this field focus on the making, history and conservation of these objects. Material cultural studies take their theories from social sciences, anthropology, folklore, historic preservation and other fields. Objects like books, jewelry and even toothbrushes are added into the study of material culture. Because it’s beginning was with anthropology, it began with the study of objects used by non-westerners. Studying these objects helped people marginalize and characterize the cultures which they came out of. However, though the origins of material culture can be dated back to 1990’s, it was not until 1996 that it was fully recognized, when The Journal of Material had started publishing. As time passed, the purpose of material culture became to show the society how things evolve. During the â€Å"golden age† of museums, objects were portrayed in such a fashion that you started from simpler objects from non-westerns and ended at advanced objects which belonged to the Europeans. Though this was also a way to show that the Europeans were at the end of evolution, scholars theorized that culture doesn’t evolve through predictable cycles and so the views changed to have a more objective view of non-western culture. However, though the study of material culture has evolved leaps and bounds today, it is thought that collecting habits and ethnographic work was the actual origin of things. Over the years, people like Leslie White, James Deetz, Ian M. G. Quimby and Gred Koch contributed to the field of material culture. Today’s material culture deals with archaeology, art conservation, anthropology and heritage. This is why you will find plenty of material culture studies which deal with the understanding of daily lives of the people in olden cultures and what we can learn from them. The artifacts which are collected during the exploration are used to make inferences about the culture and history. Though no written record was present for objects found from very early cultures, oral traditions and written work can be found for recent societies. Because material culture is also closely related to anthropology, anthropologist who study material culture also look into the interactions that people of that culture had with each other and with those outside. The responsibility of the anthropologist is to look closely at the object, the why and how it was made and then understand the culture where it was presented. During the mid-nineteenth century, Lewis Henry Morgan took interest in studying material culture and is well known for studying the effects of technology on society and its evolution. Later on, scientists such as Franz Boas took the field in further deep and explained why it was important to not only look at the object but know about its context as well. In the twentieth century, Claude Levi-Strauss included material culture in his anthropological work and claimed that these findings can also be used to understand the mindset of people during those times. Finally, Marvin Harris presented the theory of cultural materialism which claimed that every aspect of a certain society has material motives or causes. References: Woodward, Ian (2007).  Understanding Material Culture. New York, New York: SAGE Publications Ltd. Woodward, Sophie.  Material Culture. Oxford. Retrieved  4 December  2013. American Materialism Koch, Gerd (1961).  Die Materielle Kulture der Ellice-Inseln. Berlin: Museum fur Volkerkunde (Ethnological Museum of Berlin); The English translation by Guy Slatter, was published as  The Material Culture of Tuvalu, University of the South Pacific in Suva (1981). Koch, Gerd (1986).  Materielle Kultur der Gilbert-Inseln. Berlin: Museum fur Volkerkunde (Ethnological Museum of Berlin), The English translation by Guy Slatter, was published as  The Material Culture of Kiribati, University of the South Pacific in Suva (1986). Morgan, Lewis Henry (1877).  Ancient Society. Boas, Franz (1896).  The Limitations of the Comparative Method of Anthropology. Levi-Strauss, Claude (1961).  Structural Anthropology. Berger, Arthur Asa (2009).  What Objects Mean: An Introduction of Material Culture. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press Inc. p.  93. Harris, Marvin (1979).  Cultural Materialism.